GRADE 2
Titanium & Titanium Alloy Grades
Grade 2
Titanium Grade 2 is a commercially pure titanium alloy, which is known for its excellent combination of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in various industries due to its favorable mechanical properties and ease of fabrication..
Common Grade 2 Products
Titanium Bar
Titanium Sheet
Key characteristics and properties of Titanium Grade 2:
Composition
Titanium Grade 2 is essentially pure titanium with a small amount of interstitial elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and iron. The typical chemical composition is:
- Titanium (Ti): ~99.2%
- Oxygen (O): ≤ 0.25%
- Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.3%
- Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08%
- Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.03%
- Hydrogen (H): ≤ 0.015%
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Key Properties
Corrosion Resistance:
- Grade 2 titanium is highly resistant to corrosion in a wide range of environments, including seawater, acidic, and oxidizing environments. This makes it suitable for marine and chemical processing applications.
Strength and Ductility:
- While not the strongest titanium alloy, Grade 2 offers a good balance of moderate strength (tensile strength typically around 50,000 to 70,000 psi) and high ductility, which allows for easy forming and welding.
Low Density and High Strength-to-Weight Ratio:
- Titanium Grade 2 has a low density (approximately 4.51 g/cm³), which provides a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for aerospace, automotive, and other applications where weight savings are crucial.
Excellent Weldability:
- Grade 2 titanium is one of the most weldable grades of titanium, making it suitable for complex fabrications and assemblies.
Biocompatibility:
- The alloy is biocompatible, meaning it does not cause adverse reactions when in contact with human tissue. This property makes it ideal for medical implants and devices.
Applications
Aerospace Industry:
- Used for airframe components, engine parts, and fasteners due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance.
Chemical Processing:
- Commonly used in equipment like heat exchangers, valves, and tanks where resistance to corrosive environments is essential.
Marine Industry:
- Ideal for marine hardware, such as propeller shafts, due to its excellent resistance to seawater corrosion.
Medical Industry:
- Utilized for surgical implants, dental devices, and prosthetics due to its biocompatibility.
Automotive Industry:
- Used in high-performance and racing vehicles for components like exhaust systems, springs, and connecting rods.
Power Generation:
- Employed in heat exchangers and condenser tubes in power plants.
Mechanical Properties
- Density: 4.51 g/cm³
- Melting Point: Approximately 1,660°C (3,020°F)
- Tensile Strength: ≥ 344 MPa (50,000 psi)
- Yield Strength (0.2% offset): ≥ 275 MPa (40,000 psi)
- Elongation: ≥ 20%
- Modulus of Elasticity: Approximately 105 GPa (15 x 10⁶ psi)
Titanium Grade 2 conforms to several international standards, including:
ASTM B265: Specification for titanium and titanium alloy strip, sheet, and plate.
ASTM B348: Specification for titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets.
ASTM B381: Specification for titanium and titanium alloy forgings.
AMS 4902: Aerospace Material Specification for titanium alloy sheets and plates.
While Titanium Grade 2 is more forgiving than some other titanium grades, certain considerations are essential during fabrication:
Machining: Requires sharp tools and appropriate cooling methods to prevent galling and work hardening.
Welding: Should be performed in inert gas environments to prevent contamination. Techniques like TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding are commonly used.
Forming: Can be cold-formed using standard methods; however, springback should be accounted for due to its elasticity.
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