GRADE 3
Titanium & Titanium Alloy Grades
Grade 3
Titanium Grade 3 is a commercially pure (CP) titanium alloy, known for its balance of moderate strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and good weldability. It is one of the four main grades of commercially pure titanium (Grades 1-4), where Grade 1 is the softest and most ductile, and Grade 4 is the strongest.
Common Grade 3 Products
Titanium Bar
Titanium Sheet
Key characteristics and properties of Titanium Grade 3:
Composition
Titanium Grade 3 is a commercially pure titanium alloy, which means it primarily consists of titanium with only small amounts of other elements. The typical chemical composition of Titanium Grade 3 is as follows:
- Titanium (Ti): Balance (~99.1%)
- Oxygen (O): 0.10% – 0.27%
- Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.30%
- Carbon (C): ≤ 0.10%
- Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.05%
- Hydrogen (H): ≤ 0.015%
These alloying elements, present in small amounts, influence the mechanical properties of the material, such as its strength and ductility. The oxygen content is particularly significant, as it has a substantial effect on the strength of the titanium alloy, with higher oxygen content generally leading to increased strength.
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Key Properties
- Strength: Titanium Grade 3 has moderate strength, with tensile strength typically ranging between that of Grades 2 and 4. It is stronger than Grade 2 but not as strong as Grade 4.
- Corrosion Resistance: Like all CP titanium grades, Grade 3 offers excellent resistance to corrosion, particularly in oxidizing environments, such as those involving chlorides, seawater, and various chemical industries.
- Ductility: Although stronger than Grade 2, Titanium Grade 3 maintains good ductility, making it easier to form, shape, and weld.
- Weldability: This alloy is easily weldable using conventional techniques, which makes it suitable for a variety of fabrication processes.
- Biocompatibility: Titanium Grade 3, like other commercially pure titanium grades, is biocompatible, which allows it to be used in medical applications like surgical implants.
Applications
- Aerospace: Used in components requiring a balance of strength, weight, and corrosion resistance.
- Chemical Processing: Suitable for parts exposed to corrosive environments, such as heat exchangers, tanks, and piping.
- Marine Industry: Utilized in applications that must withstand seawater and marine environments.
- Medical Devices: Used in medical implants, though Grades 1 and 4 are more common due to their respective properties.
- Power Generation: Employed in components of power plants where resistance to corrosion is critical.
Mechanical Properties
- Tensile Strength: ~450-485 MPa
- Yield Strength: ~380-415 MPa
- Elongation: ~20-30%
- Density: ~4.51 g/cm³
Advantages
- Good balance of strength and formability.
- Excellent corrosion resistance in a variety of environments.
- Easily weldable and formable.
Disadvantages
- Higher cost compared to other metals like stainless steel or aluminum.
- While moderately strong, it is less strong than some titanium alloys (e.g., Grade 5, Ti-6Al-4V).
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