ASTM B381
ASTM B381
Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B381 is a standard specification for titanium and titanium alloy forgings. It covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for six grades of titanium and titanium alloy forgings, designated as Grades F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, and F-7. The standard also includes requirements for heat treatment, testing, and inspection of the forgings.
The forgings covered by this standard include rolled, forged, hammer forged, upset forged, and die forged parts. The purpose of ASTM B381 is to ensure that titanium and titanium alloy forgings produced by manufacturers meet a set of minimum requirements for their intended use in various industrial applications, such as aerospace, chemical processing, marine, medical and power generation industries.
| Grade | Nitrogen, max | Carbon, max | Hydrogen,B,C max | Iron, max | Oxygen, max | Aluminum | Vanadium | Tin | Ruthenium | Palladium | Cobalt | Molybdenum | Chromium | Nickel | Niobium | Zirconium | Silicon | Residuals,D,E,F | max each | Residuals,D,E,F | max total | TitaniumG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-1 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||||
| F-2 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||||
| F-3 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||||
| F-4 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||||
| F-5 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 5.5–6.75 | 3.5–4.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-6 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 4.0–6.0 | 2.0–3.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-7 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.12–0.25 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||||
| F-9 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 2.5–3.5 | 2.0–3.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-11 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.12–0.25 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||||
| F-12 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.2–0.4 | 0.6–0.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-13 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.04–0.06 | 0.4–0.6 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-14 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.04–0.06 | 0.4–0.6 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-15 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.04–0.06 | 0.4–0.6 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-16 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||||
| F-17 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||||
| F-18 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 2.5–3.5 | 2.0–3.0 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||
| F-19 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.12 | 3.0–4.0 | 7.5–8.5 | 3.5–4.5 | 5.5–6.5 | 3.5–4.5 | 0.15 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||
| F-20 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.12 | 3.0–4.0 | 7.5–8.5 | 0.04–0.08 | 3.5–4.5 | 5.5–6.5 | 3.5–4.5 | 0.15 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||
| F-21 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.015 | 0.4 | 0.17 | 2.5–3.5 | 14.0–16.0 | 2.2–3.2 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||
| F-23 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.0125 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 5.5–6.5 | 3.5–4.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-24 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 5.5–6.75 | 3.5–4.5 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||
| F-25 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.0125 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 5.6–6.75 | 3.5–4.5 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.3–0.8 | 0 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||
| F-26 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.08–0.14 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||||
| F-27 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.08–0.14 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||||
| F-28 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 2.5–3.5 | 2.0–3.0 | 0.08–0.14 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||
| F-29 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 5.5-6.5 | 3.5-4.5 | 0.08-0.14 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | |||||||||||
| F-30 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.20–0.80 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-31 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.20–0.80 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||||
| F-32 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.6-1.4 | 0.6-1.4 | 0.6-1.2 | 0.6-1.4 | 0.06-0.14 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||
| F-33 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.02-0.04 | 0.01-0.02 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.35-0.55 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||
| F-34 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.02-0.04 | 0.01-0.02 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.35-0.55 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||
| F-35 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.20-0.80 | 0.25 | 4.0-5.0 | 1.1-2.1 | 1.5-2.5 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance | ||||||||||
| F-36 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.0035 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 42.0–47.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | Balance |
| Element | Product Analysis Limits, max or Range, % | Permissible Variation in Product Analysis |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | 2.5 to 6.75 | +/-0.40 |
| Carbon | 0.10 | +0.02 |
| Chromium | 0.1 to 0.2 | +/-0.02 |
| Chromium | 5.5 to 6.5 | +/-0.30 |
| Cobalt | 0.2 to 0.8 | +/-0.05 |
| Hydrogen | 0.02 | +0.002 |
| Iron | 0.80 | +0.15 |
| Molybdenum | 0.2 to 0.4 | +/-0.03 |
| Molybdenum | 0.6 to 1.2 | +/-0.15 |
| Molybdenum | 1.5 to 4.5 | +/-0.20 |
| Molybdenum | 14.0 to 16.0 | +/-0.50 |
| Nickel | 0.3 to 0.9 | +/-0.05 |
| Niobium | 2.2 to 3.2 | +/-0.15 |
| Niobium | >30 | +/-0.50 |
| Nitrogen | 0.05 | +0.02 |
| Oxygen | 0.30 | +0.03 |
| Oxygen | 0.31 to 0.40 | +/-0.04 |
| Palladium | 0.01 to 0.02 | +/-0.002 |
| Palladium | 0.04 to 0.08 | +/-0.005 |
| Palladium | 0.12 to 0.25 | +/-0.02 |
| Ruthenium | 0.02 to 0.04 | +/-0.005 |
| Ruthenium | 0.04 to 0.06 | +/-0.005 |
| Ruthenium | 0.08 to 0.14 | +/-0.01 |
| Silicon | 0.06 to 0.40 | +/-0.02 |
| Tin | 0.6 to 3.0 | +/-0.15 |
| Vanadium | 0.6 to 4.5 | +/-0.15 |
| Vanadium | 7.5 to 8.5 | +/-0.40 |
| Zirconium | 0.6 to 1.4 | +/-0.15 |
| ResidualsA (each) | 0.15 | +0.02 |
| Grade | Tensile Strength min ksi | Tensile Strength min Mpa | Yield Strength 0.2% Offset min or Range ksi | Yield Strength 0.2% Offset min or Range Mpa | Elongation in 4D, min, % | Reduction of Area,% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-1 | 35 | (240) | 25 | (170) | 24 | 30 |
| F-2 | 50 | (345) | 40 | (275) | 20 | 30 |
| F-3 | 65 | (450) | 55 | (380) | 18 | 30 |
| F-4 | 80 | (550) | 70 | (483) | 15 | 25 |
| F-5 | 130 | (895) | 120 | (828) | 10 | 25 |
| F-6 | 120 | (828) | 115 | (795) | 10 | 25 |
| F-7 | 50 | (345) | 40 | (275) | 20 | 30 |
| F-9 | 120 | (828) | 110 | (759) | 10 | 25 |
| F-9B | 90 | (620) | 70 | (483) | 15 | 25 |
| F-11 | 35 | (240) | 25 | (170) | 24 | 30 |
| F-12 | 70 | (483) | 50 | (345) | 18 | 25 |
| F-13 | 40 | (275) | 25 | (170) | 24 | 30 |
| F-14 | 60 | (410) | 40 | (275) | 20 | 30 |
| F-15 | 70 | (483) | 55 | (380) | 18 | 25 |
| F-16 | 50 | (345) | 40 | (275) | 20 | 30 |
| F-17 | 35 | (240) | 25 | (170) | 24 | 30 |
| F-18 | 90 | (620) | 70 | (483) | 15 | 25 |
| F-18B | 90 | (620) | 70 | (483) | 12 | 20 |
| F-19C | 115 | (793) | 110 | (759) | 15 | 25 |
| F-19D | 135 | (930) | 130 to 159 | (897) to (1096) | 10 | 20 |
| F-19E | 165 | (1138) | 160 to 185 | (1104) to (1276) | 5 | 20 |
| F-20C | 115 | (793) | 110 | (759) | 15 | 25 |
| F-20D | 135 | (930) | 130 to 159 | (897) to (1096) | 10 | 20 |
| F-20E | 165 | (1138) | 160 to 185 | (1104) to (1276) | 5 | 20 |
| F-21C | 115 | (793) | 110 | (759) | 15 | 35 |
| F-21D | 140 | (966) | 130 to 159 | (897) to (1096) | 10 | 30 |
| F-21E | 170 | (1172) | 160 to 185 | (1104) to (1276) | 8 | 20 |
| F-23 | 120 | (828) | 110 | (759) | 10 | 25 |
| F-23B | 120 | (828) | 110 | (759) | 7.5,F, 6.0G | 25 |
| F-24 | 130 | (895) | 120 | (828) | 10 | 25 |
| F-25 | 130 | (895) | 120 | (828) | 10 | 25 |
| F-26 | 50 | (345) | 40 | (275) | 20 | 30 |
| F-27 | 35 | (240) | 25 | (170) | 24 | 30 |
| F-28 | 90 | (620) | 70 | (483) | 15 | 25 |
| F-28B | 90 | (620) | 70 | (483) | 12 | 20 |
| F-29 | 120 | (828) | 110 | (759) | 10 | 25 |
| F-29B | 120 | (828) | 110 | (759) | 7.5,F, 6.0G | 15 |
| F-30 | 50 | (345) | 40 | (275) | 20 | 30 |
| F-31 | 65 | (450) | 55 | (380) | 18 | 30 |
| F-32 | 100 | (689) | 85 | (586) | 10 | 25 |
| F-33 | 50 | (345) | 40 | (275) | 20 | 30 |
| F-34 | 65 | (450) | 55 | (380) | 18 | 30 |
| F-35 | 130 | (895) | 120 | (828) | 5 | 20 |
| F-36 | 65 | (450) | 60 to 95 | (410 to 655) | 10 | … |
