ASTM B381

Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings

ASTM B381 is a standard specification for titanium and titanium alloy forgings. It covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for six grades of titanium and titanium alloy forgings, designated as Grades F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, and F-7. The standard also includes requirements for heat treatment, testing, and inspection of the forgings.

The forgings covered by this standard include rolled, forged, hammer forged, upset forged, and die forged parts. The purpose of ASTM B381 is to ensure that titanium and titanium alloy forgings produced by manufacturers meet a set of minimum requirements for their intended use in various industrial applications, such as aerospace, chemical processing, marine, medical and power generation industries.

Chemical Composition

Chemical Compositions

Permissible Variations

Chemical Compositions

Grade	Nitrogen, max	Carbon, max	Hydrogen,B,C max	Iron, max	Oxygen, max	Aluminum	Vanadium	Tin	Ruthenium	Palladium	Cobalt	Molybdenum	Chromium	Nickel	Niobium	Zirconium	Silicon	Residuals,D,E,F	Residuals,D,E,F	TitaniumG
F-1	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.2	0.18													0.1	0.4	Balance
F-2	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25													0.1	0.4	Balance
F-3	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.35													0.1	0.4	Balance
F-4	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.5	0.4													0.1	0.4	Balance
F-5	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.4	0.2	5.5–6.75	3.5–4.5											0.1	0.4	Balance
F-6	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.5	0.2	4.0–6.0		2.0–3.0										0.1	0.4	Balance
F-7	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25					0.12–0.25								0.1	0.4	Balance
F-9	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.25	0.15	2.5–3.5	2.0–3.0											0.1	0.4	Balance
F-11	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.2	0.18					0.12–0.25								0.1	0.4	Balance
F-12	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25							0.2–0.4		0.6–0.9				0.1	0.4	Balance
F-13	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.2	0.1				0.04–0.06					0.4–0.6				0.1	0.4	Balance
F-14	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.15				0.04–0.06					0.4–0.6				0.1	0.4	Balance
F-15	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25				0.04–0.06					0.4–0.6				0.1	0.4	Balance
F-16	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25					0.04–0.08								0.1	0.4	Balance
F-17	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.2	0.18					0.04–0.08								0.1	0.4	Balance
F-18	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.25	0.15	2.5–3.5	2.0–3.0			0.04–0.08								0.1	0.4	Balance
F-19	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.3	0.12	3.0–4.0	7.5–8.5					3.5–4.5	5.5–6.5			3.5–4.5		0.15	0.4	Balance
F-20	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.3	0.12	3.0–4.0	7.5–8.5			0.04–0.08		3.5–4.5	5.5–6.5			3.5–4.5		0.15	0.4	Balance
F-21	0.03	0.05	0.015	0.4	0.17	2.5–3.5						14.0–16.0			2.2–3.2		0.15–0.25	0.1	0.4	Balance
F-23	0.03	0.08	0.0125	0.25	0.13	5.5–6.5	3.5–4.5											0.1	0.4	Balance
F-24	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.4	0.2	5.5–6.75	3.5–4.5			0.04–0.08								0.1	0.4	Balance
F-25	0.05	0.08	0.0125	0.4	0.2	5.6–6.75	3.5–4.5			0.04–0.08				0.3–0.8				0	0.4	Balance
F-26	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25				0.08–0.14									0.1	0.4	Balance
F-27	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.2	0.18				0.08–0.14									0.1	0.4	Balance
F-28	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.25	0.15	2.5–3.5	2.0–3.0		0.08–0.14									0.1	0.4	Balance
F-29	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.25	0.13	5.5-6.5	3.5-4.5		0.08-0.14									0.1	0.4	Balance
F-30	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25					0.04–0.08	0.20–0.80							0.1	0.4	Balance
F-31	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.35					0.04–0.08	0.20–0.80							0.1	0.4	Balance
F-32	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.25	0.11	4.5-5.5	0.6-1.4	0.6-1.4				0.6-1.2				0.6-1.4	0.06-0.14	0.1	0.4	Balance
F-33	0.03	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.25				0.02-0.04	0.01-0.02			0.1-0.2	0.35-0.55				0.1	0.4	Balance
F-34	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.3	0.35				0.02-0.04	0.01-0.02			0.1-0.2	0.35-0.55				0.1	0.4	Balance
F-35	0.05	0.08	0.015	0.20-0.80	0.25	4.0-5.0	1.1-2.1					1.5-2.5					0.20-0.40	0.1	0.4	Balance
F-36	0.03	0.04	0.0035	0.03	0.16										42.0–47.0			0.1	0.4	Balance

Permissible Variations

Element	Product Analysis Limits, max or Range, %	Permissible Variation in Product Analysis
Aluminum	2.5 to 6.75	+/-0.40
Carbon	0.10	+0.02
Chromium	0.1 to 0.2	+/-0.02
Chromium	5.5 to 6.5	+/-0.30
Cobalt	0.2 to 0.8	+/-0.05
Hydrogen	0.02	+0.002
Iron	0.80	+0.15
Molybdenum	0.2 to 0.4	+/-0.03
Molybdenum	0.6 to 1.2	+/-0.15
Molybdenum	1.5 to 4.5	+/-0.20
Molybdenum	14.0 to 16.0	+/-0.50
Nickel	0.3 to 0.9	+/-0.05
Niobium	2.2 to 3.2	+/-0.15
Niobium	>30	+/-0.50
Nitrogen	0.05	+0.02
Oxygen	0.30	+0.03
Oxygen	0.31 to 0.40	+/-0.04
Palladium	0.01 to 0.02	+/-0.002
Palladium	0.04 to 0.08	+/-0.005
Palladium	0.12 to 0.25	+/-0.02
Ruthenium	0.02 to 0.04	+/-0.005
Ruthenium	0.04 to 0.06	+/-0.005
Ruthenium	0.08 to 0.14	+/-0.01
Silicon	0.06 to 0.40	+/-0.02
Tin	0.6 to 3.0	+/-0.15
Vanadium	0.6 to 4.5	+/-0.15
Vanadium	7.5 to 8.5	+/-0.40
Zirconium	0.6 to 1.4	+/-0.15
ResidualsA (each)	0.15	+0.02

Mechanical Properties

Tensile Requirements

Grade	Tensile Strength min ksi	Tensile Strength min Mpa	Yield Strength 0.2% Offset min or Range ksi	Yield Strength 0.2% Offset min or Range Mpa	Elongation in 4D, min, %	Reduction of Area,%
F-1	35	(240)	25	(170)	24	30
F-2	50	(345)	40	(275)	20	30
F-3	65	(450)	55	(380)	18	30
F-4	80	(550)	70	(483)	15	25
F-5	130	(895)	120	(828)	10	25
F-6	120	(828)	115	(795)	10	25
F-7	50	(345)	40	(275)	20	30
F-9	120	(828)	110	(759)	10	25
F-9B	90	(620)	70	(483)	15	25
F-11	35	(240)	25	(170)	24	30
F-12	70	(483)	50	(345)	18	25
F-13	40	(275)	25	(170)	24	30
F-14	60	(410)	40	(275)	20	30
F-15	70	(483)	55	(380)	18	25
F-16	50	(345)	40	(275)	20	30
F-17	35	(240)	25	(170)	24	30
F-18	90	(620)	70	(483)	15	25
F-18B	90	(620)	70	(483)	12	20
F-19C	115	(793)	110	(759)	15	25
F-19D	135	(930)	130 to 159	(897) to (1096)	10	20
F-19E	165	(1138)	160 to 185	(1104) to (1276)	5	20
F-20C	115	(793)	110	(759)	15	25
F-20D	135	(930)	130 to 159	(897) to (1096)	10	20
F-20E	165	(1138)	160 to 185	(1104) to (1276)	5	20
F-21C	115	(793)	110	(759)	15	35
F-21D	140	(966)	130 to 159	(897) to (1096)	10	30
F-21E	170	(1172)	160 to 185	(1104) to (1276)	8	20
F-23	120	(828)	110	(759)	10	25
F-23B	120	(828)	110	(759)	7.5,F, 6.0G	25
F-24	130	(895)	120	(828)	10	25
F-25	130	(895)	120	(828)	10	25
F-26	50	(345)	40	(275)	20	30
F-27	35	(240)	25	(170)	24	30
F-28	90	(620)	70	(483)	15	25
F-28B	90	(620)	70	(483)	12	20
F-29	120	(828)	110	(759)	10	25
F-29B	120	(828)	110	(759)	7.5,F, 6.0G	15
F-30	50	(345)	40	(275)	20	30
F-31	65	(450)	55	(380)	18	30
F-32	100	(689)	85	(586)	10	25
F-33	50	(345)	40	(275)	20	30
F-34	65	(450)	55	(380)	18	30
F-35	130	(895)	120	(828)	5	20
F-36	65	(450)	60 to 95	(410 to 655)	10	…